Library and information science (LIS) (sometimes in plural: library and information sciences)^[1][2] is a merging of the two fields library science and information science. The phrase "library and information science" is associated with schools of library and information science (abbreviated to "SLIS"), which generally developed from professional training programs (not academic disciplines) to university institutions during the second half of the twentieth century. In the last part of 1960s|schools of librarianship began to add the term "information science" to their names. The first school to do this was at the University of Pittsburgh in 1964.^[3] More schools followed during the 1970s and 1980s and during the 1990s almost all library schools in the USA had added information science to their names. The trend was more for the adoption of information technology rather than the concept of a science. In other words, schools were using Information Technologies as a given practice, rather than using concepts of a science